Finding peace and tranquility in life is a major human dream and desire. The earliest philosophers spoke about finding inner peace and happiness, and today still, the self-help industry is worth billions of dollars. All of this comes back to the human need to find tranquility. Spirituality is also a reflection of people’s desire to find tranquility. At some level, most people know that inner peace is not found in money, power or fame alone. There is something deeper that is needed.
It is as if the Qur’an is telling us that tranquility is not attained when times are easy and there are no troubles or hardships. Rather, it is acquired when we go through trial and tribulation. It is during these turbulent and tumultuous times when we stay the course, strong in our faith, close to Allah ﷻ, that He endows our hearts with inner peace and tranquility. Let us look at these five instances in the Qur’an and their contexts.
It is when we have everything in order as we would like, in terms of family, income, career, etc. that we think tranquility is achieved. However, when we analyze the Qur’anic teachings, we find something different. The word for tranquility, ‘sakīnah’ is mentioned six times in the Qur’an in four different stories, but each time it is cited, it is in the context of adversity and difficulty.
It is as if the Qur’an is telling us that tranquility is not attained when times are easy and there are no troubles or hardships. Rather, it is acquired when we go through trial and tribulation. It is during these turbulent and tumultuous times when we stay the course, strong in our faith, close to Allah ﷻ, that He endows our hearts with inner peace and tranquility. Let us look at these five instances in the Qur’an and their contexts.
The first time sakīnah is mentioned in the Qur’an is in Sūrah al-Baqarah, in the story of David and Goliath. The context and setting of this story is one of extreme hardship and adversity. The Children of Israel were experiencing oppression. Many of them had been killed. They were constantly defending themselves against the tyranny of Jālūt or Goliath. During these trying times, the Children of Israel asked their Prophet to appoint a king from amongst them. He did so, choosing Ṭālūt or Saul. Saul was not from their nobility or elite. Rather, he was an average man from amongst them. Immediately they were upset with this appointment.
It is at this time when they must make the difficult decision of accepting this appointment, swallowing their pride, and accepting Allah’s ﷻ decision that the word tranquility is used. Allah ﷻ says,
It is
when we have everything in order as we
would like, in terms of family, income, career, etc. that we think tranquility
is achieved. However, when we analyze the Qur’anic teachings, we find something
different. The word for tranquility, ‘sakīnah’ is mentioned six times in the
Qur’an in four different stories, but each time it is cited, it is in the
context of adversity and difficulty.
It is as if the Qur’an is telling us that tranquility is not attained when times are easy and there are no troubles or hardships. Rather, it is acquired when we go through trial and tribulation. It is during these turbulent and tumultuous times when we stay the course, strong in our faith, close to Allah ﷻ, that He endows our hearts with inner peace and tranquility. Let us look at these five instances in the Qur’an and their contexts.
The first time sakīnah is mentioned in the Qur’an is in Sūrah al-Baqarah, in the story of David and Goliath. The context and setting of this story is one of extreme hardship and adversity. The Children of Israel were experiencing oppression. Many of them had been killed. They were constantly defending themselves against the tyranny of Jālūt or Goliath. During these trying times, the Children of Israel asked their Prophet to appoint a king from amongst them. He did so, choosing Ṭālūt or Saul. Saul was not from their nobility or elite. Rather, he was an average man from amongst them. Immediately they were upset with this appointment.
It is at this time when they must make the difficult decision of accepting this appointment, swallowing their pride and accepting Allah’s ﷻ decision that the word tranquility is used. Allah ﷻ says;
وَقَالَ لَهُمْ نَبِيُّهُمْ إِنَّ ءَايَةَ مُلْكِهِۦٓ أَن يَأْتِيَكُمُ ٱلتَّابُوتُ فِيهِ سَكِينَةٌۭ مِّن رَّبِّكُمْ وَبَقِيَّةٌۭ مِّمَّا تَرَكَ ءَالُ مُوسَىٰ وَءَالُ هَـٰرُونَ تَحْمِلُهُ ٱلْمَلَـٰٓئِكَةُ ۚ إِنَّ فِى ذَٰلِكَ لَـَٔايَةًۭ لَّكُمْ إِن كُنتُم مُّؤْمِنِينَ ٢٤٨
[Surah A Baqarah:Ayat 248]
For those who obeyed and followed Saul including a young man by the name of Dāwūd or David, they would be rewarded with victory over Goliath.
The second story in which tranquility is used is the migration of the Prophet ﷺ from Makkah to Madinah. The story is very familiar to us. The Prophet ﷺ and Abu Bakr (RA) are fleeing the Makkan bounty hunters and seek refuge in a cave for a number of nights. The Makkans are searching the mountain and come extremely close to the cave. Abu Bakr (RA) observes that if one of them were to simply look down towards their feet, they would see them in the cave.
It is at this time that the Prophet ﷺ replies that they are not alone, but that Allah ﷻ is with them. Tranquility is having the calmness to know what pleases Allah ﷻ, especially at the most difficult of times, when standards and ethics are often forgotten. It is the peaceful heart not being shaken by events but remaining steadfast in its faith and mission to obey Allah ﷻ. Allah ﷻ says;
إِلَّا تَنصُرُوهُ فَقَدْ نَصَرَهُ ٱللَّهُ إِذْ أَخْرَجَهُ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا۟ ثَانِىَ ٱثْنَيْنِ إِذْ هُمَا فِى ٱلْغَارِ إِذْ يَقُولُ لِصَـٰحِبِهِۦ لَا تَحْزَنْ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ مَعَنَا ۖ فَأَنزَلَ ٱللَّهُ سَكِينَتَهُۥ عَلَيْهِ وَأَيَّدَهُۥ بِجُنُودٍۢ لَّمْ تَرَوْهَا وَجَعَلَ كَلِمَةَ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا۟ ٱلسُّفْلَىٰ ۗ وَكَلِمَةُ ٱللَّهِ هِىَ ٱلْعُلْيَا ۗ وَٱللَّهُ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٌ ٤٠
[Surah At Taubah: Ayat 40]
The
third story is so important and contains so many lessons that the word
tranquility is used in it three times, all in the same chapter. In Sūrah al-Fatḥ,
Allah ﷻ
speaks about the Treaty of Ḥudaybiyyah. In the year 6 AH, the Prophet ﷺ along with some 1,400 Companions (RA) decided to
proceed to Makkah for pilgrimage. They were in the ritual state of iḥrām and
carried no weapons or armour for battle. They were heading into enemy
territory. They had no defence and little to stop the Makkans from simply
attacking them.
The fact that the Companions (RA) so readily accepted this command of the Prophet ﷺ shows their obedience and love. Women and children also accompanied this delegation. Allah ﷻ alludes to this,
هُوَ ٱلَّذِىٓ أَنزَلَ ٱلسَّكِينَةَ فِى قُلُوبِ ٱلْمُؤْمِنِينَ لِيَزْدَادُوٓا۟ إِيمَـٰنًۭا مَّعَ إِيمَـٰنِهِمْ ۗ وَلِلَّهِ جُنُودُ ٱلسَّمَـٰوَٰتِ وَٱلْأَرْضِ ۚ وَكَانَ ٱللَّهُ عَلِيمًا حَكِيمًۭا ٤
[Surah Al Fath: Ayat 4]
The Muslims were stopped at a place called Ḥudaybiyyah. There, the Prophet ﷺ sent ‘Uthmān (RA) to Makkah as an ambassador to negotiate with the Makkan chiefs. In his absence, a rumor reached the Muslims that ‘Uthmān has been killed. The Prophet ﷺ took an oath of allegiance from the Muslims that they would avenge ‘Uthmān. Remember, they were not prepared for battle. Yet such was their devotion to the Prophet ﷺ that they would have gone to battle in that state. Allah ﷻ says;
۞ لَّقَدْ رَضِىَ ٱللَّهُ عَنِ ٱلْمُؤْمِنِينَ إِذْ يُبَايِعُونَكَ تَحْتَ ٱلشَّجَرَةِ فَعَلِمَ مَا فِى قُلُوبِهِمْ فَأَنزَلَ ٱلسَّكِينَةَ عَلَيْهِمْ وَأَثَـٰبَهُمْ فَتْحًۭا قَرِيبًۭا ١٨
“Certainly was Allah pleased with the believers when they pledged allegiance to you, under the tree, and He knew what was in their hearts, so He sent down tranquility upon them…”
[ Surah Al fath: Ayat 18]
Eventually, a treaty would be agreed. The terms of the treaty were heavily biased against the Muslims. Even when it came to writing up the treaty, the Quraysh representatives objected to Allah being described as al-Raḥmān and al-Raḥīm. They also objected to the Prophet ﷺ being described as the Messenger of Allah. Allah ﷻ says;
إِذْ جَعَلَ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا۟ فِى قُلُوبِهِمُ ٱلْحَمِيَّةَ حَمِيَّةَ ٱلْجَـٰهِلِيَّةِ فَأَنزَلَ ٱللَّهُ سَكِينَتَهُۥ عَلَىٰ رَسُولِهِۦ وَعَلَى ٱلْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَأَلْزَمَهُمْ كَلِمَةَ ٱلتَّقْوَىٰ وَكَانُوٓا۟ أَحَقَّ بِهَا وَأَهْلَهَا ۚ وَكَانَ ٱللَّهُ بِكُلِّ شَىْءٍ عَلِيمًۭا ٢٦
“When those who disbelieved had put into their hearts rage – the rage of ignorance. But Allah sent down His tranquility upon His Messenger and upon the believers…”
[Surah Al fath: Ayat 26]
The
terms were especially difficult for the Muslims to accept. Yet they did so. As
a result, Allah ﷻ
described the treaty as a victory.
The final story in which tranquility is mentioned in the Qur’an is the Battle of Ḥunayn. Taking place after the Conquest of Makkah, Ḥunayn was the first time in a battle that the Muslims had superior numbers. Some of the Companions commented on this saying that on that day they would not be defeated due to a lack of men. However, as the battle began, the Muslims were scattered and their ranks were sent into disarray.
It was
only when the Prophet ﷺ called the Companions to regroup around him that
they were able to turn the battle around and record a victory. Allah ﷻ says It was only when the Prophet ﷺ called the Companions to regroup around him that
they were able to turn the battle around and record a victory. Allah ﷻ says,
لَقَدْ نَصَرَكُمُ ٱللَّهُ فِى مَوَاطِنَ كَثِيرَةٍۢ ۙ وَيَوْمَ حُنَيْنٍ ۙ إِذْ أَعْجَبَتْكُمْ كَثْرَتُكُمْ فَلَمْ
تُغْنِ عَنكُمْ شَيْـًۭٔا وَضَاقَتْ عَلَيْكُمُ ٱلْأَرْضُ بِمَا رَحُبَتْ ثُمَّ وَلَّيْتُم مُّدْبِرِينَ ٢٥
ثُمَّ أَنزَلَ ٱللَّهُ سَكِينَتَهُۥ عَلَىٰ رَسُولِهِۦ وَعَلَى ٱلْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَأَنزَلَ جُنُودًۭا لَّمْ
تَرَوْهَا وَعَذَّبَ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا۟ ۚ وَذَٰلِكَ جَزَآءُ ٱلْكَـٰفِرِينَ
٢٦
“Allah has already given you victory in many regions and on the day of Ḥunayn when your great number pleased you, but it did not avail you at all, and the earth was confining for you with its vastness; then you turned back, fleeing. Then Allah sent down His tranquility upon His Messenger and upon the believers…”
[Surah Taubah : Ayat 25-26]
It is
amazing how throughout the Qur’an, Allah ﷻ always twins tranquility with adversity, as if it
one is not realized without the other. We know life is full of tests and
hardships. These trials are not the antithesis of inner peace and happiness;
they are a stepping stone to actualizing them. Use your tests to remember Allah
ﷻ, follow His pleasure, and come closer to Him, and
Allah ﷻ will
cause tranquility to descend upon you.
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